China
How authoritarian regimes are targeting critics abroad
China’s “white paper” protests marked a significant political moment in 2022. Transnational repression threatens dissidents worldwide. Governments must strengthen protections for human rights against these increasing violations.
The end of November marked the second anniversary of China’s “white paper” protest movement against COVID lockdowns in 2022. Triggered by a fire in Xinjiang that claimed ten lives, demonstrations inside China turned increasingly political. At one point crowds in Shanghai chanted for the president and Communist party general secretary, Xi Jinping, to step down.
Outside China’s borders, members of Chinese diaspora communities held rallies in support of the demonstrators inside China. Many students overseas posted messages of solidarity.
But despite being far from China, these protesters were taking serious risks. Transnational repression — authoritarian states reaching across borders to silence dissent — is on the rise, fuelled by the confluence of digital communications and the worldwide advance of authoritarianism.
Yet democratic governments are failing to monitor such transnational human rights violations on their territory or properly support targets, as international law obliges them to do.
Chinese communities are by no means the only group facing systematic infringements on the exercise of basic rights from abroad. Data from the human rights organisation Freedom House has documented more than 1,000 cases of transnational repression committed by 44 governments against targets in 100 countries around the world since 2013.
A recent report from journalism organisation Reporters Sans Frontieres documented threats and attacks by Iran against exiled Iranian journalists including in the US, France, Germany and Sweden, with London identified as a particular “hotspot”.
The 2023 murder of Sikh activist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Canada, allegedly at the hands of Indian security services, showed dictatorships aren’t the only perpetrators of cross-border human rights violations.
And that’s just the cases of physical violence and detention. Once we take into account the range of new techniques of coercion and surveillance opened up by digital communications and cross-border mobility, the scale of the problem becomes more apparent.
Widening scope of targets
Today, states can coerce without setting foot on the territory in which the target is located. Among other techniques, they can threaten family members, deploy digital surveillance and censorship, mount cyber-attacks and mobilise ferocious online harassment campaigns. The result is significant constraints on the exercise of human rights by significant numbers of people.
These transnational human rights violations are not limited to diaspora communities or foreign dissidents. Journalists, lawyers and activists have also become targets. UK author Michela Wrong has faced a coordinated campaign of online harassment by proxies of the Rwandan government over criticisms of Paul Kagame’s dictatorship. Pro-democracy Hong Kong media mogul Jimmy Lai’s overseas legal team in London has been targeted by state-sponsored cyber-attacks and intimidation.
Taking a risk: a supporter of jailed Hong Kong media tycvoon, Jimmy Lai, protests in London, November 2024.
Vuk Valcic/ZUMA Press Wire
Our recent article the Journal of Human Rights Practice details this major blind spot in most countries’ human rights protection arrangements and suggests an institutional way forward.
Democratic complicity
Targeted people routinely struggle to obtain help from local authorities.
Yet governments are obliged to protect targets of transnational human rights violations. Article 2 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) obliges states to ensure civil and political rights “to all individuals within its territory”. It also mandates the adoption of “such laws or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized”. It requires that those whose rights are violated have an effective remedy.
But governments have failed to equip national bodies to meet these 21st-century threats to human rights.
Some governments have sought to raise awareness among police forces. But many of these human rights violations, particularly subtle forms like harassment of family members abroad, do not constitute crimes under current law.
Domestic intelligence agencies have taken an interest in the national security dimensions of transnational repression. But security agencies are ill-equipped to provide the public-facing support and assistance needed by those targeted, or to comprehensively monitor the problem.
So far, the issue has not been on the radar of specialised human rights institutions such as the UK’s Equalities and Human Rights Commission.
Transnational rights protection offices
The effect of transnational repression is often silence – both from those being attacked or coerced and other members of their community. What is needed is a confidential contact point that can start systematically monitoring the problem from the perspective of protecting human rights.
It’s not enough to just approach the problem as a national security issue. That’s only the tip of the iceberg. It’s a serious constraint on the exercise of human rights affecting a wide array of groups.
Specialist national offices dedicated to the protection of targeted individuals would provide, at a minimum, a point of contact. These offices need to work to monitor transnational violations.
Their remit should include advising governments and helping develop domestic policy and legislative proposals. At an international level, they should coordinate to share effective methods and improve international protection frameworks.
These offices should be part of the standard institutional setup of human rights protection in states that have signed the ICCPR. As an integral element in ensuring democratic resilience and government-community relations, we suggest in our article that they could be appropriately resourced from national security budgets.
Governments need to recognise and act upon the obligations they have to support and protect human rights from transnational as well as domestic threats. At the moment it’s a serious blind spot in national human rights protection.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Business
China’s Sany Heavy Contemplates Selling Stake in Indian Operations – MSN
China’s Sany Heavy is contemplating selling a stake in its Indian operations, signaling a potential strategic shift in its business approach within the country.
Sany Heavy’s Strategic Move
China’s Sany Heavy Industries is contemplating a stake sale in its Indian operations. This decision aligns with the company’s strategy to streamline its business and enhance operational efficiency in the competitive Indian market.
Implications for India’s Construction Sector
The potential stake sale could significantly impact India’s construction machinery landscape, as Sany is a prominent player in this sector. Investors are closely monitoring the situation, which could lead to increased capital infusion into the market.
Future Prospects
If the stake sale proceeds, it may open up opportunities for new partnerships and investments in the Indian construction industry. Sany’s decision reflects broader trends of foreign companies reassessing their positions in India’s evolving market.
Source : China’s Sany Heavy is considering stake sale in India business – MSN
China
2025 Guide to Accounting and Auditing in China – New Release from China Briefing
China’s new year demands foreign companies navigate complex compliance and financial reporting processes. The updated “Guide to Accounting and Audit in China 2025” aids executives by detailing recent accounting changes, personal information protection audits, tax health checks, and HR audits to ensure compliance.
The start of a new year is a hectic time for foreign companies in China. To meet the various compliance deadlines throughout the year, they need to begin the long and complicated financial reporting process, months in advance. Failure to comply will risk them being hit with deteriorating credit, additional fines, and penalties, and such companies might not be able to remit their profits overseas.
China Briefing’s Guide to Accounting and Audit in China 2025 (3rd Edition), produced in collaboration with the audit experts at Dezan Shira & Associates, aims to walk foreign businesses through the annual audit and compliance process from start to finish, in addition to introducing China’s accounting framework in a comparative context. We hope this guide helps your business add value to its annual statutory audit and compliance reporting in China.
The guide covers the following:
This practical and easy-to-understand guidebook will be of invaluable use to all executives involved in handling company finances concerning China, including:
In this year’s updated version of Guide to Accounting and Audit in China, there are notable changes that require your attention:
New changes to China’s accounting system: In 2024, China made several significant changes to its accounting system, including the amended Accounting Law, the Interim Provisions on Accounting Treatment of Enterprise Data Resources, Interpretation No. 17 on the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises, and updates to the International Financial Reporting Standards and the Accounting System for Non-governmental Non-profit Organizations. We have updated the section “New Changes to China’s Accounting System” to reflect these changes and provide practical advice to help businesses prepare.
Legislative developments in personal information protection audits: Following the release of the Draft Measures for the Management of Personal Information Protection Compliance Audits in 2023, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee issued the national standard Data Security Technology – Personal Information Protection Compliance Audit Requirements (Draft for Comments) in July 2024. The Network Data Security Management Regulations, published on September 24, 2024, and effective from January 1, 2025, reaffirm the legal obligation for enterprises to conduct personal information protection compliance audits. However, as of this guide production, the draft measures and standards have not been formally adopted, and most enterprises are still in a wait-and-see mode. We have reflected these developments in the “Other Types of Special Purpose Reviews” section.
Tax health check: With tax compliance becoming more prominent in China, tax health checks, conducted either independently or by engaging professional institutions, have become a popular way for businesses to identify and correct non-compliance issues in their tax handling. This reduces the risk of tax penalties and avoids potential financial and reputational losses. We have included a general overview of the tax health check in the “Other Types of Special Purpose Reviews” section.
Human resources and payroll audit: An HR audit can uncover hidden HR-related problems and errors, as well as potential compliance issues, especially given China’s ever-evolving regulations. This enables organizations to establish best practices, thereby mitigating operational and legal risks. We have added a brief introduction to this type of special-purpose audit, including the suggested frequency and methods.
This article was first published by China Briefing , which is produced by Dezan Shira & Associates. The firm assists foreign investors throughout Asia from offices across the world, including in in China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, and India . Readers may write to info@dezshira.com for more support. |
Read the rest of the original article.
China
Trump wants China’s help in making peace in Ukraine – he’s unlikely to get it
Trump invited Xi Jinping to his inauguration, aiming to involve China in Ukraine ceasefire talks. However, China’s support for Russia complicates its willingness to assist in negotiations, benefiting from ongoing conflict.
US president-elect Donald Trump has invited China’s president Xi Jinping to his inauguration on January 20 in a surprise move which appears to be part of a plan to involve Beijing in ceasefire negotiations in Ukraine.
Just after his recent meeting with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky in Paris, Trump posted, “There should be an immediate ceasefire and negotiations should begin,” and “China can help.” That latter remark has suddenly gained more significance after Trump extended the unusual invitation for the foreign leader to attend the January 20 ceremony.
Leaving aside whether Xi will accept Trump’s invitation to Washington DC (he probably won’t), the more important question is whether he would indeed help Trump end the Russian war against Ukraine.
China has had a strong economic and trading relationship with Russia throughout the war, and has refrained from criticising Putin. While it has denied providing Moscow with military assistance, reports suggest that China has allowed some goods that have battlefield use to be sent to Russia.
On the surface, Trump’s initiative and what China has most recently put on the table with Brazil look like two reasonably well-alligned peace proposals.
Both call for a ceasefire along the current frontlines, followed by negotiations on a permanent settlement. Both seem to accept Russia’s demand to freeze the territorial status quo, which would mean Ukraine would lose the near-20% of its territory that Moscow’s forces have illegally occupied since 2014.
Kyiv and Beijing
Ukraine and most of its western partners continue to reject this as unacceptable. Before Trump’s election victory, this was a sustainable position because the west was able to prevent Ukraine from being militarily defeated on the battlefield.
Trump has invited Xi Jingping to his inauguration.
This position may be slowly changing, but it is not clear that it would suddenly make China a welcome partner for the west in any peace negotiations – least of all for Ukraine.
Kyiv has always been wary of China and its international policies, from the economic and trade Belt and Road Initiative to the recent peace proposal. Zelensky called the China-Brazil peace initiative “destructive”. He also accused China and Brazil of being “pro-Russian”.
Zelensky is personally deeply invested in his own peace plan, particularly as Ukrainians have made enormous sacrifices in the war so far. This does not rule out compromises, but it makes concessions to China, widely seen by Ukrainians as one of Russia’s main supporters in the war, very unlikely.
Even if there was a sudden change of heart in Kyiv, it is highly doubtful that a Trump-brokered deal would serve Beijing’s interests. For Xi it is always about strengthening China’s role and influence as a global power. China will be concerned if the war is over, the US may become even more focused on its trade war with Beijing.
Read more:
Why China is worried about a second Trump presidency – and how Beijing might react
So far, the war in Ukraine has allowed China to benefit from the strain that it has put on the west.
US suggestions that it will pull back on its alliance commitments in Europe have raised doubts over the dependability of the US as an ally for Ukraine. This is becoming more acute as Trump prepares to move into the White House.
The longer the war in Ukraine continues in this way, the longer China will reap the benefits from the reduction of the relative weight of the United States as its main geopolitical and geo-economic rival.
A carefully managed continuation of the war against Ukraine, by contrast, benefits China in asserting its global leadership.
China’s approach to managing the “Ukraine crisis” was reiterarated by Xi at the recent Brics summit in Kazan, Russia, and in a meeting with former Russian president Dmitry Medvedev in Beijing on December 12 2024. It is focused on upholding “three key principles: no expansion of the battlefields, no escalation of hostilities, and no fanning flames, and [striving] for swift deescalation of the situation”.
What’s in it for China?
This is a far cry from an end to the war as envisaged by Trump. A Trump-brokered deal would likely lift sanctions and provide a possibility of renewed, more cooperative relations between the west and Russia.
It would significantly strengthen Putin’s position, contribute to Russia’s international rehabilitation, reduce his country’s dependence on China, and potentially rekindle historical Russia-China rivalries. Trump’s claim that he wants to “un-unite” Russia and China will not have gone unnoticed in Beijing.
And even if Trump did not manage to drive a wedge between Russia and China, a stronger Kremlin would mean a shift of the power dynamic in the partnership between Moscow and Beijing, potentially elevating Putin from a junior partner to Xi’s peer.
From a Chinese perspective, helping Trump to broker a deal between Russia and Ukraine offers few incentives, except potentially toning down the US trade and tariffs war against it. Draining the west’s resources in defending Ukraine keeps it away from the Indo-Pacific region in which most of the competition between China and the US will play out.
Xi has no interest in seeing Putin being strategically defeated in Ukraine, but keeping Russia bogged down in its war against Ukraine will ensure that the partnership between Beijing and Moscow will stay on current terms with the balance of power tilted towards China.
Keeping the war in Ukraine going, rather than helping Trump to end it, therefore is the most likely choice that Beijing will make.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.