China
Xiangshan Forum Highlights China’s Diplomatic Strength
The Beijing Xiangshan Forum evolved into a key security platform, reflecting China’s military modernization. With over 1,800 participants, it complements the Shangri-La Dialogue, reinforcing Beijing’s influence and Global Security Initiative.
Evolution of the Beijing Xiangshan Forum
The Beijing Xiangshan Forum has evolved from a minor Track II dialogue into a prominent security platform, showcasing China’s nuanced approach to multilateral engagement amid military modernization. The 12th edition, held in September 2025, attracted over 1,800 participants from more than 100 countries, positioning it as a significant counterpart to Singapore’s Shangri-La Dialogue. This growth illustrates the emergence of parallel security architectures that cater to diverse interests, underscored by China’s enhanced military capabilities.
Military Modernization on Display
China’s showcase during the 2025 Victory Day parade highlighted its extensive military modernization, featuring advanced technologies such as hypersonic weapons and the complete nuclear triad. The transformation of the People’s Liberation Army to include specialized forces like the Aerospace and Cyberspace Forces reinforced China’s security narrative at subsequent forums. These displays serve as a tangible illustration of the military advancements that support Beijing’s claims of needing robust defenses for its sovereignty.
Inclusive Engagement and Diverse Perspectives
A distinctive aspect of the forum is its inclusive participant composition, enhancing its significance amid China’s bolstered military posture. Representatives from previously sanctioned states and nations with restricted access to global discussions engage in a unique dialogue, particularly in light of China’s strategic convening power. While the forum promotes open engagement without preconditions, the diversity in security priorities among participants remains a challenge for translating dialogue into actionable outcomes.
Source : Xiangshan Forum shows the muscle behind China’s diplomacy
