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China

Stumbling blocks to ASEAN-China smart city cooperation

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Prospective buyers look at model for Forest City Johor Bahru in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, 21 February 2017 (Photo: REUTERS/Edgar Su)

Author: Melinda Martinus, ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute

China is moving full speed ahead in the race for global technology leadership having promoted artificial intelligence, expanded venture capital and funded start-ups worldwide.

ASEAN countries have seen a surge in Chinese capital flows through massive infrastructure projects that have significant smart city elements, including Forest City Johor Bahru, New Clark City, New Manila Bay City of Pearl and Thailand’s Eastern Economic Corridor. China has also shown a great interest in the region’s newly planned township projects, including the Indonesia’s new capital city in East Kalimantan and New Yangon City.

To promote its investments in the region, China has emphasised the opportunity to leverage solutions based on the Internet of Things (IoT) while advertising projects as ‘smart’, ‘green’, and ‘liveable’. This includes the use of sensors, networks and data to optimise public services and enhance liveability through automated energy management, integrated traffic control and faster internet connections in newly built towns. Chinese-owned technology platforms like digital wallet by Alipay, AI adoption and 5G networks by Huawei, and communication platforms by Tencent have also become essential solution providers to enhance public services.

The Chinese government frequently promotes smart city cooperation under its Digital Silk Road Initiative, a significant component of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In ASEAN, cooperation is enhanced through the ASEAN–China Strategic Partnership Vision 2030 where China has pledged to support ASEAN’s technology transformation initiatives, including the ASEAN ICT Master Plan 2020 and the ASEAN Smart City Network.

Despite lofty ambitions and political buy-in from ASEAN leaders, China still faces technical challenges. Huawei’s failure to win the bid to provide Singapore’s main 5G network demonstrates how aware policymakers are of security and data protection issues. Huawei has frequently faced accusations of enabling espionage by the Chinese government. Huawei’s loss to Nokia and Ericsson also shows how competitive and rigorous the process of bidding for critical infrastructure is in Singapore.

The Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Rail was delayed by land acquisition barriers that have revealed challenges China must overcome to execute large-scale projects in a country that embraces the rights of individual ownership and fully adheres to the land market economy. This experience has also shown the limit of China’s development model even with its extensive experience building large infrastructure projects domestically.

China is yet to create a ‘green’ and ‘sustainable’ image from its BRI projects. Chinese-backed investment projects like Forest City Johor Bahru have received criticism for their detrimental impacts on the surrounding ecosystem by destroying marine biodiversity and polluting waterways. Similarly, the ongoing New Manila Bay City of Pearl project has been criticised for the potentially harmful impacts caused by the loss of both mangrove biodiversity and livelihoods of fisher communities.

There is also concern over trust. Malaysian civil societies frequently raise the issue of equity, questioning how Forest City Johor Bahru will bring employment and affordable housing to local people. The appointment of China Harbour Engineering to conduct reclamation work in Manila Bay has also sparked concerns as the company was involved in a bribery scandal in Bangladesh.

China may also face fierce competition from other players. Although Japan has not yet signed significant deals on large-scale smart city projects, it has recently announced a US$2.4 billion fund to pave the way for companies seeking smart city projects, particularly projects that help ASEAN cities to decarbonise. South Korea has also recently increased funds for ASEAN infrastructure projects through the Korea–ASEAN Global Infra Fund, and the Construction, Plant and Smart City Policy Fund. 

Non-Chinese private investors have also started smart city projects in the region. Japanese company Mitsubishi recently announced a joint venture with Singapore’s state-backed investor Temasek Holdings to build a 100-hectare smart city in Jakarta. Amata Corporation, a Thai industrial estate developer, has also started to expand capital in the Mekong countries. The company also sealed deals to build industrial complexes in Myanmar (which has been halted due to the coup) and Laos in addition to its extensive portfolio in Vietnam.

China’s…

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New Report from Dezan Shira & Associates: China Takes the Lead in Emerging Asia Manufacturing Index 2024

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China has been the world’s largest manufacturer for 14 years, producing one-third of global manufacturing output. In the Emerging Asia Manufacturing Index 2024, China ranks highest among eight emerging countries in the region. Challenges for these countries include global demand disparities affecting industrial output and export orders.


Known as the “World’s Factory”, China has held the title of the world’s largest manufacturer for 14 consecutive years, starting from 2010. Its factories churn out approximately one-third of the global manufacturing output, a testament to its industrial might and capacity.

China’s dominant role as the world’s sole manufacturing power is reaffirmed in Dezan Shira & Associates’ Emerging Asia Manufacturing Index 2024 report (“EAMI 2024”), in which China secures the top spot among eight emerging countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The other seven economies are India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Bangladesh.

The EAMI 2024 aims to assess the potential of these eight economies, navigate the risks, and pinpoint specific factors affecting the manufacturing landscape.

In this article, we delve into the key findings of the EAMI 2024 report and navigate China’s advantages and disadvantages in the manufacturing sector, placing them within the Asia-Pacific comparative context.

Emerging Asia countries face various challenges, especially in the current phase of increased volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). One notable challenge is the impact of global demand disparities on the manufacturing sector, affecting industrial output and export orders.

This article is republished from China Briefing. Read the rest of the original article.

China Briefing is written and produced by Dezan Shira & Associates. The practice assists foreign investors into China and has done since 1992 through offices in Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Qingdao, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong. Please contact the firm for assistance in China at china@dezshira.com.

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Is journalist Vicky Xu preparing to return to China?

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Chinese social media influencers have recently claimed that prominent Chinese-born Australian journalist Vicky Xu had posted a message saying she planned to return to China.

There is no evidence for this. The source did not provide evidence to support the claim, and Xu herself later confirmed to AFCL that she has no such plans.

Currently working as an analyst at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, or ASPI, Xu has previously written for both the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, or ABC, and The New York Times.

A Chinese language netizen on X initially claimed on March 31 that the changing geopolitical relations between Sydney and Beijing had caused Xu to become an expendable asset and that she had posted a message expressing a strong desire to return to China. An illegible, blurred photo of the supposed message accompanied the post. 

This claim was retweeted by a widely followed influencer on the popular Chinese social media site Weibo one day later, who additionally commented that Xu was a “traitor” who had been abandoned by Australian media. 

Rumors surfaced on X and Weibo at the end of March that Vicky Xu – a Chinese-born Australian journalist who exposed forced labor in Xinjiang – was returning to China after becoming an “outcast” in Australia. (Screenshots / X & Weibo)

Following the publication of an ASPI article in 2021 which exposed forced labor conditions in Xinjiang co-authored by Xu, the journalist was labeled “morally bankrupt” and “anti-China” by the Chinese state owned media outlet Global Times and subjected to an influx of threatening messages and digital abuse, eventually forcing her to temporarily close several of her social media accounts.

AFCL found that neither Xu’s active X nor LinkedIn account has any mention of her supposed return to China, and received the following response from Xu herself about the rumor:

“I can confirm that I don’t have plans to go back to China. I think if I do go back I’ll most definitely be detained or imprisoned – so the only career I’ll be having is probably going to be prison labor or something like that, which wouldn’t be ideal.”

Neither a keyword search nor reverse image search on the photo attached to the original X post turned up any text from Xu supporting the netizens’ claims.

Translated by Shen Ke. Edited by Shen Ke and Malcolm Foster.

Asia Fact Check Lab (AFCL) was established to counter disinformation in today’s complex media environment. We publish fact-checks, media-watches and in-depth reports that aim to sharpen and deepen our readers’ understanding of current affairs and public issues. If you like our content, you can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram and X.

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Guide for Foreign Residents: Obtaining a Certificate of No Criminal Record in China

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Foreign residents in China can request a criminal record check from their local security bureau. This certificate may be required for visa applications or job opportunities. Requirements and procedures vary by city. In Shanghai, foreigners must have lived there for 180 days with a valid visa to obtain the certificate.


Foreign residents living in China can request a criminal record check from the local security bureau in the city in which they have lived for at least 180 days. Certificates of no criminal record may be required for people leaving China, or those who are starting a new position in China and applying for a new visa or residence permit. Taking Shanghai as an example, we outline the requirements for obtaining a China criminal record check.

Securing a Certificate of No Criminal Record, often referred to as a criminal record or criminal background check, is a crucial step for various employment opportunities, as well as visa applications and residency permits in China. Nevertheless, navigating the process can be a daunting task due to bureaucratic procedures and language barriers.

In this article, we use Shanghai as an example to explore the essential information and steps required to successfully obtain a no-criminal record check. Requirements and procedures may differ in other cities and counties in China.

Note that foreigners who are not currently living in China and need a criminal record check to apply for a Chinese visa must obtain the certificate from their country of residence or nationality, and have it notarized by a Chinese embassy or consulate in that country.

Foreigners who have a valid residence permit and have lived in Shanghai for at least 180 days can request a criminal record check in the city. This means that the applicant will also need to currently have a work, study, or other form of visa or stay permit that allows them to live in China long-term.

If a foreigner has lived in another part of China and is planning to or has recently moved to Shanghai, they will need to request a criminal record check in the place where they previously spent at least 180 days.

There are two steps to obtaining a criminal record certificate in Shanghai: requesting the criminal record check from the Public Security Bureau (PSB) and getting the resulting Certificate of No Criminal Record notarized by an authorized notary agency.

This article is republished from China Briefing. Read the rest of the original article.

China Briefing is written and produced by Dezan Shira & Associates. The practice assists foreign investors into China and has done since 1992 through offices in Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Qingdao, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong. Please contact the firm for assistance in China at china@dezshira.com.

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